"My name is Kyle Straker and I don't exist any more."
The science in this book starts with the very first page as it says that ," It is designed to reprogram the human brain, allowing it to replicate the lost art that was once called 'reading'." It gives an impression that the science is mostly on human technology.
Kyle Straker, a teenage boy who lived in a small town called Village Greens experienced strange effects happening to the world when he and three other people were hypnotised during a talent show by his friend Danny Birnie. As Danny began the process, the four were trapped in a period where everyone but the volunteers were frozen.All technology was down but in a few moments, it returned to a normal status.
But not as normal as you think.
After they were hypnotised, everyone acted strange on the hypnotised volunteers.
Later on in the story, he and the volunteers founded out that everyone else had an unusual technology upgrade where the people upgraded with it could use by connecting themselves with it through filaments inside them. The people who weren't are so called 'the 0.4' meaning that only 0.4 of the population in the world weren't upgraded and unable to use the new technology.
So can people use software in/on them? (Not like robots)
If there is,then what kind of companies do that?
Keys before reading!
Green colour tells you how it's relevant to the sub-topics and book.
Blue color tells you when it was published,the date of when it was created or upgraded, and the author.Site if it was founded.
Purple colour tells you that it is a link.
Red colour needs to be read.
Braingate
http://www.braingate.com/
Braingate co. is an American company who owns the Cyberkinetics co.They've invented a sort of technology that can be attached to heavily disabled people to help them with everyday functions just by thinking.They implant a tiny array ,the size of a baby asprirn to the surface of the brain.The array contains hundreds of electrodes which are very thin. It is then plugged into the computer through scalp-to-cable for it to decode the electrical impulses and turn them to actions. Thoughts are electrical impulses sent to the brain by hundreds and thousands of neurons from the body itself.
This video shows how they use it and about a patient called Matt Nagle, the first tester whose motor cortex is not working properly because he was painfully stabbed several times. This video is important because it tells more about Braingate.
In the late 90's, the Cyberkinetics company was formed by Dr Humphrey to try create the neural interface system called Braingate .It wasn't till 2004 that the food and drug administration allowed them to start researching and in 2009,they had success in the use of the Braingate technology on patients. Click here to know more on the history of Braingatehttp://www.braingate.com/history.html This reference is important because it talks more about Braingate and its history.
They believe that they will one day,be able to improve disable peoples lifestyles by implanting devices to help them to move just by thought.A prosthetic device that they're still in working on are prosthetics limbs that will help the disable with severe motor disabilities to reconnect the motor cortex signals and regain movement.Their current process with these is that they are controlled with mechanical switches but in the future,they're saying that ,"Implanting neural interfaces will provide a more natural control over these devices."-Braingate website
News Science Neuroscience BrainGate gives paralysed the power of mind control
This article interviews John Donoghue, the founder of Braingate who tells more about Braingate. This article also tells you about two patients who are using the braingate technology. One who is completely paralyze and Matt Nagle.This article is very long and may contain parts similar to what I've wrote.Published in 17/4/2011 and by paul harris,From guardian.co.uk. This is important because it talks about the Braingate technology and about the patients,meaning that this company is real.
This topic is relavant because it talks about an invention which is implanted in people. It fits the science in the book has the question is,"Can people have software in them?.' Also, It's one of the companies that invents such things.Since the upgraded people are what Kyle says,"Not human,"they still have full control of their bodies.With the Braingate technology,The patients would be able to have control of their parts just by thought.
Cyborgs
A cyborg is a biological organism with artificial, electrical parts that helps them in movement,beauty,leisure or for survival.Cyborgs used to be fictional as they were first used in comics and programmes but recently, many scientists such as Kevin Warwick, a cybernetic pioneer tried upgrading his body and became one of the first cyborgs.Watch the video for more information.
This video talks about Kevin and how he became a cyborg.This is important because it's an evidence saying that Kevin Warwick is real and that he did perform that experiment.
Apart from doing experiments like what Kevin was doing,there have been others that have recently helped disabled people by attaching cybernetic implants on or in them such as the companies RIC, Braingate, and Victhom (is mentioned in this research).
Latest Cyborgs are live and ticking-This article is about a research that has been carried out by seeing whether the brain functions and anatomical features of animals may come useful when an cybernetic parts is added to them and can be used for important needs.For example,silk moths may be used to detect explosives by dancing to locate the pheromones as it does to find a mate.Published 11/6/2010 and from New scientist.Author unknown.This is important because it has something to do with cyborgs and that in the book 0.4, the upgraded people do very similiar things to what the animals with cybernetic parts or clips and robot ones are doing.
The Future is here:cyborgs walk among usThe article talks about the sorts of definition that can be used to explain what a cyborg is.Jeremy Hsu Interviews Robert Spence and Kostu Grammatis,Engineers who are both working on the eyeborg project. They refer to the famous cyborgs(mostly Darth Vador) and using them to suggest the best possible definition of a cyborg.Published 8/12/2010,By Jeremy Hsu from Livescience.com.This is important because it helps defining what exactly a cyborg is.In the book, the filaments coming out of the people are would be noticed as cyborgs because this article has helped identifying what it was.
This topic is relevant because it relates to the big question perfectly as cyborgs are humans with some sort of software in them.The upgraded people were to me and others thoughts,cyborgs since their behaviour sounded just like what a cyborg would do in fictional areas.
This video shows Jesse Sullivan,the first "bionic man", using his bionic arm.This is important as this shows an invention of RIC,meaning that this company is real.
RIC is USA's best rehabilitation centre.It is located in Chicago.This institute helps people with diseases, severe injuries,disorders,amputations,pains and other conditions and provides rehabilitations and fitness programs.They also use technology to create cybernetic limbs notice as bionic arm which are to be attached to patient's shoulders.their nerves from their arms are dissected and re-attached to their chest so they can move the prosthesis arm freely by thought.This is because the bionic arm moves from the electrical signals in the chest muscle so the nerves are put there for the patient to sense it and control the bionic arm. This tells you more on the bionic armThis is important because it talks more about the bionic arm
In 1954, The institute was just a small rehabilitation center that was in a small warehouse.This was organised by Dr Paul Magnusion,an orthopedic surgeon who wanted to help people who great disabilities as he felt very moved by the personal tragedies in the world war 2. The center improved more in 1958 as it opened 65 inpatient beds and in 1974,opened a flagship hospital in Chicago.There are more rehabilitation centers in Chicago now, each with approved medical needs . For more on history is Ric, click here!This is important because it talks more on the history of RIC.
Woman is fitted with bionic armThis article talks about the world's first 'bionic woman" Claudia Mitchell, a former U.S marine who lost her left arm in a motorbike accident and got replaced with a bionic arm. Updated 15/9/2006 from news.bbc.co.uk. Author unknown.This is important because it tells you about a real patient who tried this invention.
Their mission is like others, to improve and help people with disabilities and make them have a better life.One of their other goals is preventing traumatic injuries,which they're working very hard on and will one day accomplish it. history and mission-click here and the one underneath to know more on RIC's history and mission. mission
This topic is relevant because it's one of the companies that has some sort of invention that is attached to a person which is used for daily life. This means it's counted as software in people.The upgraded people had filaments in their arms,so i think it's still counted as cyborgs.RIC's invention is an bionic arm.Even though the bionic arm itself is an advanced type of prosthesis,it's a recent invention that is relatively close to what is in the book.Only difference is that the prosthesis is not surgically implanted in the body.
Victhom\
Victhom is another company that specializes in the development and manufactures bionic devices that hope to improve people with regaining movement(walking,running).
They came up with this invention of the power knee which took 5 years of development.The power knee invented in 2006, is an advanced leg prosthesis,designed for above knee amputees.It is also the first prosthesis leg to have advanced technology that allows the user to do complex things for example climbing on stairs. Unlike most prosthesis legs, the power knee has many advantages as such as walking faster without fast fatigue, reduces pain pressure and more. It is developed by the biotronix division,a division in the Victhom department that specializes in development and advertisement of high-level mobility devices for disabled people with the loss of movement. Click here to know more on the power kneeThis is important because it talks more about Victhom.
This video talk a bit more about the technology of the power knee from Lieutenant Colonel Greg Gadson who is the first in the world to receive the prosthetic knees after them being both amputated when he was struck by a bomb.The article below tells similar information on whats in the video but more on what happened to Mr Gadson. Next generation of the POWER KNEE in early release at Walter Reed Army medical centerpublished 20/4/2009 ossur news.Author unknown The article and video is important because it talks more on the product.The video also has a real paitent who is using the product,saying that the company is real.
Their mission in the Biotronix Division is to provide mobility capabilities to people with major needs with regard to moving around by making high-end, state-of-the-art mobility devices available.-The team of the Biotronix Division.
This topic is relevant to the book because it's one of the companies which invents an invention that is attached to a human. The science here will be very similar to the RIC's topic as it's about a bionic arm where this is a bionic leg.The only difference is this is a type of bionic leg and RIC's invents a type of bionic arm.
The eyeborg project is a project that is carried out by Rob Spense and Kosta grammatis which are trying to become the first people to invent an eye prosthesis that embeds a video camera and a transmitter into it. It will be used on Robs eye since his right eye was damaged at a young age. He wants to use it to record the world on he right eye.This invention was named the top 50 best inventions by the magazine Time. http://eyeborgproject.com/about/' Eye Spy: Filmmaker Plans to Install Camera in His Eye Socket article interviews Rob Spenser and he talks more about the invention and what's it like with a camera in his right eye and recording people where ever he goes. Rob damaged his right eye when he was little as he was playing with the gun of his grandfathers and it happened. It was so damaged,he had to get it removed.This article also includes a video on his eye being removed and it's graphical so be warned.Published 4/12/2008 by priya ganapati from Gadget lab Wired. This is important because it talks about Rob and he invention which says that this is real and that the project is too.
This is relavent because it's one of the companies that answers my big question.It may help people in a long term effect as it could be used in armies or help people with getting an eye to fill an eye socket.This invention has some relation to the book,mainly because the camera eye is not surgically implanted into the eye and attached into the optic nerve.If the upgraded people were "human nor animal,"Then their whole body would be different,even the eyes.
Neuron
Neurons are nerve cells that are used to transmit information around the body from the brain through electrochemical process.they tell the person to do actions like move an arm,walk,the body is hurt and more.
There are different types of neurons.Sensory neurons send info that is from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system.These are things like skin,eyes,nose,tongue,ear and other outer surface parts.Motor neurons send info from the central nerual system to muscles and glands where they contract and interneurons send info between sensory neurons and motor neurons.This website will talk more about itThis is important because it talks about the types of neurons.
The central nervous system is part of the nervous system which recieves the info from the neurons.Most of it is in the spinal cord or parts of the brain but some are in the retina and cranial nerves
Neurons have extensions called dendrities and axons.The dendrities specialise in bringing the info to the nerve cell and the axons bring it away from the cell. http://www.eruptingmind.com/types-of-neurons/ For more info, click here These are important because it tells a bit more on those two parts of the neuron.
There are diseases that can damage neurons and have deadly causes like not being able to walk mulcse wasting,Motor neurone disease is a disease which attacks the neurons in the brain and spinal cord and can cause mulcse weakness and wasting.This website is important because it talks about that disease. click here to know more on the disease
This is a video that tells you more on what a Neuron is and how it works. This is important because it helps you understand more on what is it.
THE BRAIN
this article is about a scientist called Roger sperry who founded out in the 1940's that you could re-wire the neurons and treat neurons disorders like the Duane syndrome which is a disorder where the it affects the neuron wiring to the eye muscles.He did this on a patient which recovered sight a month later. it's said that the axons follow a chemical trail to the desired place.These syndromes happen when the neurons can't 'wired' properly during birth.This article also talks more about axons and how it's needed for information to pass through to another neuron.Published by Carl Zimmer on the magazine Discover; May2011, Vol. 32 Issue 4, p24-25, 2p. This is important because it tells you that scientists can then try to treat people with these disabilities by using those methods.
when will the body stop making new neurons?
this article is about that question which asks"when will the body stop making neurons?" as the neurons can regrow themselves.the article talk about how it always regrows and that the neurons re-arrange themselves over time from baby from adult. Published in Newsweek; 7/2/2007, Vol. 150 Issue 2, p62, 4p, 20 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram. by Sharon Begley. This is important because it says that neurons always regrow and re-arrange themselves to adult age.This could be very simliar to how in the book, The people have an upgrade where the four volunteers were the only ones moving were everyone was still. This could mean that while everyone was still,everyone was upgrading and maybe something was going with the neurons re-arranging and regrowing different types,types that could be cyborg technology which might be why the filament were like this.
This topic is relevant to the book because it's one of the key things that relates to how we do actions.It helps us more on what the word "neuron" is in all these sub-topics.If software is in people's bodies or on them,then neurons would have something to do with it as they are nerve cells that passes from the brain to muscles to make us move.The neurons in the upgraded people's bodies would be different if it was to be able to control and pass information through the body if they weren't human or animal.
Conclusion
From the information I have researched above,These were the closest I could get to what kind of science was read in 0.4.This means that the science isn't as accurate as the science is today as people today do not have filaments sticking out of their bodies.They do not connect the filaments into each other and technology yet.Today's only inventions are bionic parts to save the injured and disabled that can help build a better and smarter future for them.The inventions now are not surgically implanted into them where in the story, they were fully "upgraded".Neurons can't regrow different types and people with clips implanted into them can only do very little control right now.But I believe,that in the future,the world will be very similar to the world and life of the upgraded people in 0.4 and that things will be different from then on in a negative and positive way.
This website is a fake website
Sarif industries
This is used in a popular game called Deus ex: The Human Evolution. It is one of the companies that has advanced biotechnology which is used for killing npcs (Non-Playable Character) in the game with the main character Adam Jensen. It is in the game,in North America in the city of Detroit. http://www.sarifindustries.com/en/ http://deusex.wikia.com/wiki/Sarif_Industries This industry was founded in 2007 by David sarif, an philanthropist where he got an dedroit auto factory and build it inot an automated manufacture of prosthetics.They believe that it will provide a better and smarter future for all people since the technology has movement and stronger.It soon became the best prosthesis manufacturer in america in 2009. in 2010,the eye-know was said to be invented where it could restore sight and in 2017,Sarif manufactured intelligent-enhancing chips.
This the game is popular,An advertisement has been made for it.
This is a false website as it's just from a popular game.I think this is relevant to the topic because today,the world is advancing in technology really fast.Not as fast as the technology on Sarif industries,but later on life,maybe in a few centuries, we will have those sorts of technology that can be used for entertaining or help repair our bodies if needed.World then will for most people,be a better one or if considered, a smarter one.
There is another website called Human upgrades but is not shown on this due to things that may offend people.
These were not included under the topics or in them because they were there for cross-referencing to be able to write the paragraphs and know that it's true.Companies websites have most information already and must be reliably true.
The Science in 0.4- It's a Brave New World
Author:Mike Lancaster
Location:London
Publisher: Egmont Uk Limited
Publication Date: March 7 2011
"My name is Kyle Straker and I don't exist any more."
The science in this book starts with the very first page as it says that ," It is designed to reprogram the human brain, allowing it to replicate the lost art that was once called 'reading'." It gives an impression that the science is mostly on human technology.
Kyle Straker, a teenage boy who lived in a small town called Village Greens experienced strange effects happening to the world when he and three other people were hypnotised during a talent show by his friend Danny Birnie. As Danny began the process, the four were trapped in a period where everyone but the volunteers were frozen.All technology was down but in a few moments, it returned to a normal status.
But not as normal as you think.
After they were hypnotised, everyone acted strange on the hypnotised volunteers.
Later on in the story, he and the volunteers founded out that everyone else had an unusual technology upgrade where the people upgraded with it could use by connecting themselves with it through filaments inside them. The people who weren't are so called 'the 0.4' meaning that only 0.4 of the population in the world weren't upgraded and unable to use the new technology.So can people use software in/on them? (Not like robots)
If there is,then what kind of companies do that?
Keys before reading!
Green colour tells you how it's relevant to the sub-topics and book.
Blue color tells you when it was published,the date of when it was created or upgraded, and the author.Site if it was founded.
Purple colour tells you that it is a link.
Red colour needs to be read.
Braingate
http://www.braingate.com/
Braingate co. is an American company who owns the Cyberkinetics co.They've invented a sort of technology that can be attached to heavily disabled people to help them with everyday functions just by thinking.They implant a tiny array ,the size of a baby asprirn to the surface of the brain.The array contains hundreds of electrodes which are very thin. It is then plugged into the computer through scalp-to-cable for it to decode the electrical impulses and turn them to actions. Thoughts are electrical impulses sent to the brain by hundreds and thousands of neurons from the body itself.
This video shows how they use it and about a patient called Matt Nagle, the first tester whose motor cortex is not working properly because he was painfully stabbed several times.
This video is important because it tells more about Braingate.
In the late 90's, the Cyberkinetics company was formed by Dr Humphrey to try create the neural interface system called Braingate .It wasn't till 2004 that the food and drug administration allowed them to start researching and in 2009,they had success in the use of the Braingate technology on patients.
Click here to know more on the history of Braingatehttp://www.braingate.com/history.html
This reference is important because it talks more about Braingate and its history.
They believe that they will one day,be able to improve disable peoples lifestyles by implanting devices to help them to move just by thought.A prosthetic device that they're still in working on are prosthetics limbs that will help the disable with severe motor disabilities to reconnect the motor cortex signals and regain movement.Their current process with these is that they are controlled with mechanical switches but in the future,they're saying that ,"Implanting neural interfaces will provide a more natural control over these devices."-Braingate website
News Science Neuroscience BrainGate gives paralysed the power of mind control
This article interviews John Donoghue, the founder of Braingate who tells more about Braingate. This article also tells you about two patients who are using the braingate technology. One who is completely paralyze and Matt Nagle.This article is very long and may contain parts similar to what I've wrote.Published in 17/4/2011 and by paul harris,From guardian.co.uk.
This is important because it talks about the Braingate technology and about the patients,meaning that this company is real.
This topic is relavant because it talks about an invention which is implanted in people. It fits the science in the book has the question is,"Can people have software in them?.' Also, It's one of the companies that invents such things.Since the upgraded people are what Kyle says,"Not human,"they still have full control of their bodies.With the
Braingate technology,The patients would be able to have control of their parts just by thought.
Cyborgs
A cyborg is a biological organism with artificial, electrical parts that helps them in movement,beauty,leisure or for survival.Cyborgs used to be fictional as they were first used in comics and programmes but recently, many scientists such as Kevin Warwick, a cybernetic pioneer tried upgrading his body and became one of the first cyborgs.Watch the video for more information.This video talks about Kevin and how he became a cyborg.This is important because it's an evidence saying that Kevin Warwick is real and that he did perform that experiment.
Apart from doing experiments like what Kevin was doing,there have been others that have recently helped disabled people by attaching cybernetic implants on or in them such as the companies RIC, Braingate, and Victhom (is mentioned in this research).
Latest Cyborgs are live and ticking-This article is about a research that has been carried out by seeing whether the brain functions and anatomical features of animals may come useful when an cybernetic parts is added to them and can be used for important needs.For example,silk moths may be used to detect explosives by dancing to locate the pheromones as it does to find a mate.Published 11/6/2010 and from New scientist.Author unknown.This is important because it has something to do with cyborgs and that in the book 0.4, the upgraded people do very similiar things to what the animals with cybernetic parts or clips and robot ones are doing.
The Future is here:cyborgs walk among usThe article talks about the sorts of definition that can be used to explain what a cyborg is.Jeremy Hsu Interviews Robert Spence and Kostu Grammatis,Engineers who are both working on the eyeborg project. They refer to the famous cyborgs(mostly Darth Vador) and using them to suggest the best possible definition of a cyborg.Published 8/12/2010,By Jeremy Hsu from Livescience.com.This is important because it helps defining what exactly a cyborg is.In the book, the filaments coming out of the people are would be noticed as cyborgs because this article has helped identifying what it was.
This topic is relevant because it relates to the big question perfectly as cyborgs are humans with some sort of software in them.The upgraded people were to me and others thoughts,cyborgs since their behaviour sounded just like what a cyborg would do in fictional areas.
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago (RIC)
http://www.ric.org/This video shows Jesse Sullivan,the first "bionic man", using his bionic arm.This is important as this shows an invention of RIC,meaning that this company is real.
RIC is USA's best rehabilitation centre.It is located in Chicago.This institute helps people with diseases, severe injuries,disorders,amputations,pains and other conditions and provides rehabilitations and fitness programs.They also use technology to create cybernetic limbs notice as bionic arm which are to be attached to patient's shoulders.their nerves from their arms are dissected and re-attached to their chest so they can move the prosthesis arm freely by thought.This is because the bionic arm moves from the electrical signals in the chest muscle so the nerves are put there for the patient to sense it and control the bionic arm.
This tells you more on the bionic armThis is important because it talks more about the bionic arm
In 1954, The institute was just a small rehabilitation center that was in a small warehouse.This was organised by Dr Paul Magnusion,an orthopedic surgeon who wanted to help people who great disabilities as he felt very moved by the personal tragedies in the world war 2. The center improved more in 1958 as it opened 65 inpatient beds and in 1974,opened a flagship hospital in Chicago.There are more rehabilitation centers in Chicago now, each with approved medical needs .
For more on history is Ric, click here! This is important because it talks more on the history of RIC.
Woman is fitted with bionic armThis article talks about the world's first 'bionic woman" Claudia Mitchell, a former U.S marine who lost her left arm in a motorbike accident and got replaced with a bionic arm. Updated 15/9/2006 from news.bbc.co.uk. Author unknown.This is important because it tells you about a real patient who tried this invention.
Their mission is like others, to improve and help people with disabilities and make them have a better life.One of their other goals is preventing traumatic injuries,which they're working very hard on and will one day accomplish it.
history and mission-click here and the one underneath to know more on RIC's history and mission.
mission
This topic is relevant because it's one of the companies that has some sort of invention that is attached to a person which is used for daily life. This means it's counted as software in people.The upgraded people had filaments in their arms,so i think it's still counted as cyborgs.RIC's invention is an bionic arm.Even though the bionic arm itself is an advanced type of prosthesis,it's a recent invention that is relatively close to what is in the book.Only difference is that the prosthesis is not surgically implanted in the body.
Victhom
\
Victhom is another company that specializes in the development and manufactures bionic devices that hope to improve people with regaining movement(walking,running).
They came up with this invention of the power knee which took 5 years of development.The power knee invented in 2006, is an advanced leg prosthesis,designed for above knee amputees.It is also the first prosthesis leg to have advanced technology that allows the user to do complex things for example climbing on stairs. Unlike most prosthesis legs, the power knee has many advantages as such as walking faster without fast fatigue, reduces pain pressure and more. It is developed by the biotronix division,a division in the Victhom department that specializes in development and advertisement of high-level mobility devices for disabled people with the loss of movement.
Click here to know more on the power kneeThis is important because it talks more about Victhom.
This video talk a bit more about the technology of the power knee from Lieutenant Colonel Greg Gadson who is the first in the world to receive the prosthetic knees after them being both amputated when he was struck by a bomb.The article below tells similar information on whats in the video but more on what happened to Mr Gadson.
Next generation of the POWER KNEE in early release at Walter Reed Army medical center published 20/4/2009 ossur news.Author unknown
The article and video is important because it talks more on the product.The video also has a real paitent who is using the product,saying that the company is real.
Their mission in the Biotronix Division is to provide mobility capabilities to people with major needs with regard to moving around by making high-end, state-of-the-art mobility devices available.-The team of the Biotronix Division.
This topic is relevant to the book because it's one of the companies which invents an invention that is attached to a human.
The science here will be very similar to the RIC's topic as it's about a bionic arm where this is a bionic leg.The only difference is this is a type of bionic leg and RIC's invents a type of bionic arm.
Eyeborg project
http://eyeborgblog.com/The eyeborg project is a project that is carried out by Rob Spense and Kosta grammatis which are trying to become the first people to invent an eye prosthesis that embeds a video camera and a transmitter into it. It will be used on Robs eye since his right eye was damaged at a young age. He wants to use it to record the world on he right eye.This invention was named the top 50 best inventions by the magazine Time.
http://eyeborgproject.com/about/'
Eye Spy: Filmmaker Plans to Install Camera in His Eye Socket article interviews Rob Spenser and he talks more about the invention and what's it like with a camera in his right eye and recording people where ever he goes. Rob damaged his right eye when he was little as he was playing with the gun of his grandfathers and it happened. It was so damaged,he had to get it removed.This article also includes a video on his eye being removed and it's graphical so be warned.Published 4/12/2008 by priya ganapati from Gadget lab Wired. This is important because it talks about Rob and he invention which says that this is real and that the project is too.
This is relavent because it's one of the companies that answers my big question.It may help people in a long term effect as it could be used in armies or help people with getting an eye to fill an eye socket.This invention has some relation to the book,mainly because the camera eye is not surgically implanted into the eye and attached into the optic nerve.If the upgraded people were "human nor animal,"Then their whole body would be different,even the eyes.
Neuron
Neurons are nerve cells that are used to transmit information around the body from the brain through electrochemical process.they tell the person to do actions like move an arm,walk,the body is hurt and more.There are different types of neurons.Sensory neurons send info that is from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system.These are things like skin,eyes,nose,tongue,ear and other outer surface parts.Motor neurons send info from the central nerual system to muscles and glands where they contract and interneurons send info between sensory neurons and motor neurons.This website will talk more about it This is important because it talks about the types of neurons.
The central nervous system is part of the nervous system which recieves the info from the neurons.Most of it is in the spinal cord or parts of the brain but some are in the retina and cranial nerves
Neurons have extensions called dendrities and axons.The dendrities specialise in bringing the info to the nerve cell and the axons bring it away from the cell.
http://www.eruptingmind.com/types-of-neurons/
For more info, click here
These are important because it tells a bit more on those two parts of the neuron.
There are diseases that can damage neurons and have deadly causes like not being able to walk mulcse wasting,Motor neurone disease is a disease which attacks the neurons in the brain and spinal cord and can cause mulcse weakness and wasting.This website is important because it talks about that disease.
click here to know more on the disease
This is a video that tells you more on what a Neuron is and how it works. This is important because it helps you understand more on what is it.
THE BRAIN
this article is about a scientist called Roger sperry who founded out in the 1940's that you could re-wire the neurons and treat neurons disorders like the Duane syndrome which is a disorder where the it affects the neuron wiring to the eye muscles.He did this on a patient which recovered sight a month later. it's said that the axons follow a chemical trail to the desired place.These syndromes happen when the neurons can't 'wired' properly during birth.This article also talks more about axons and how it's needed for information to pass through to another neuron.Published by Carl Zimmer on the magazine
Discover; May2011, Vol. 32 Issue 4, p24-25, 2p. This is important because it tells you that scientists can then try to treat people with these disabilities by using those methods.
when will the body stop making new neurons?
this article is about that question which asks"when will the body stop making neurons?" as the neurons can regrow themselves.the article talk about how it always regrows and that the neurons re-arrange themselves over time from baby from adult. Published in Newsweek; 7/2/2007, Vol. 150 Issue 2, p62, 4p, 20 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram. by Sharon Begley. This is important because it says that neurons always regrow and re-arrange themselves to adult age.This could be very simliar to how in the book, The people have an upgrade where the four volunteers were the only ones moving were everyone was still. This could mean that while everyone was still,everyone was upgrading and maybe something was going with the neurons re-arranging and regrowing different types,types that could be cyborg technology which might be why the filament were like this.
This topic is relevant to the book because it's one of the key things that relates to how we do actions.It helps us more on what the word "neuron" is in all these sub-topics.If software is in people's bodies or on them,then neurons would have something to do with it as they are nerve cells that passes from the brain to muscles to make us move.The neurons in the upgraded people's bodies would be different if it was to be able to control and pass information through the body if they weren't human or animal.
Conclusion
From the information I have researched above,These were the closest I could get to what kind of science was read in 0.4.This means that the science isn't as accurate as the science is today as people today do not have filaments sticking out of their bodies.They do not connect the filaments into each other and technology yet.Today's only inventions are bionic parts to save the injured and disabled that can help build a better and smarter future for them.The inventions now are not surgically implanted into them where in the story, they were fully "upgraded".Neurons can't regrow different types and people with clips implanted into them can only do very little control right now.But I believe,that in the future,the world will be very similar to the world and life of the upgraded people in 0.4 and that things will be different from then on in a negative and positive way.This website is a fake website
Sarif industries
This is used in a popular game called Deus ex: The Human Evolution. It is one of the companies that has advanced biotechnology which is used for killing npcs (Non-Playable Character) in the game with the main character Adam Jensen. It is in the game,in North America in the city of Detroit.http://www.sarifindustries.com/en/
http://deusex.wikia.com/wiki/Sarif_Industries This industry was founded in 2007 by David sarif, an philanthropist where he got an dedroit auto factory and build it inot an automated manufacture of prosthetics.They believe that it will provide a better and smarter future for all people since the technology has movement and stronger.It soon became the best prosthesis manufacturer in america in 2009. in 2010,the eye-know was said to be invented where it could restore sight and in 2017,Sarif manufactured intelligent-enhancing chips.
This the game is popular,An advertisement has been made for it.
This is a false website as it's just from a popular game.I think this is relevant to the topic because today,the world is advancing in technology really fast.Not as fast as the technology on Sarif industries,but later on life,maybe in a few centuries, we will have those sorts of technology that can be used for entertaining or help repair our bodies if needed.World then will for most people,be a better one or if considered, a smarter one.
There is another website called Human upgrades but is not shown on this due to things that may offend people.
references using
galegroup.com,web.ebscohost.com
ic.galegroup.com
http://www.worldbookonline.com.libezp01.slc.ac.nz/pl/referencecenter/home
Google.com
other references in Braingate
http://www.braingate.com/history.html-http://www.braingate.com/action.html
http://www.braingate.com/
http://www.news-medical.net/news/2004/06/03/2154.aspx
other references in Cyborgs
http://www.worldbookonline.com.libezp01.slc.ac.nz/pl/referencecenter/dictionary?lu=cyborghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyborg
http://project.cyberpunk.ru/idb/cyborgs.html
other references in RIC
http://www.ric.org/research/centers/cbm/index.aspx;http://www.ric.org/index.aspx'
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitation_Institute_of_Chicago'
http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2005-11/neuro-controlled-bionic-arm-picture
other references in Victhom
http://www.victhom.com/en/bionic-prosthesis-orthosis/index.php;power knee
next generation of ossur power knee
other references in The eyeborg project
http://eyeborgproject.com/about/'other references in neurons
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/cells.html;http://search.ebscohost.com.libezp01.slc.ac.nz/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sch&AN=60134748&site=scirc-live
http://www.bupa.co.uk/individuals/health-information/directory/m/motor-neurone-disease
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_system
http://www.worldbookonline.com.libezp01.slc.ac.nz/pl/referencecenter/article?id=ar040140&st=neuron
These were not included under the topics or in them because they were there for cross-referencing to be able to write the paragraphs and know that it's true.Companies websites have most information already and must be reliably true.